Two routes
The administrative route — a complaint to the higher body. The court route — an application (complaint) to the administrative court. In many cases you can use them one after the other.
The burden of proof
Under article 67 of the Code on Administrative Proceedings, the duty to prove rests with the body and the official whose decision is challenged. For a citizen this is a real relief. The applicant proves the amount of the damage himself.
What the complaint must state
The name of the body; the name, number and date of the decision; which of your rights it violates; which legislation the decision contradicts; your exact demand (to invalidate the decision, or to recognise the action as illegal). Attach the text of the decision to the application. If the court grants the demand, it obliges the body to take a decision in accordance with the law, or to perform a specific action.
The time limit
Under article 186 of the Code, if the law sets no other time limit, you file the application with the court within six months from the moment you learned of the violation of your rights. For a decision of a state executor the time limit is ten days. The court can restore a time limit you missed for a good reason. Record the date you received the copy of the decision.